Introduction
Recent policy changes have made it increasingly difficult for Belarusian nationals to obtain or renew their passports while residing abroad. This shift has prompted responses from neighboring countries such as Poland and Lithuania, which have introduced alternative travel document solutions for affected individuals. This article outlines the key developments, their implications, and the available options for Belarusian nationals facing passport renewal challenges.
Key Updates on Passport Renewal Restrictions
New Requirements for Belarusian Nationals
Since September 13, 2023, Belarusian nationals can no longer receive, exchange, or renew their passports outside Belarus. They must return to Belarus to complete these procedures in person. This policy has raised concerns, particularly among those unable to return for political or humanitarian reasons.
Lithuania’s Response
To mitigate the impact, Lithuania has implemented a regulation allowing Belarusian nationals with residence rights in Lithuania to apply for a
“foreigner’s passport.” This document provides a legal means to leave and re-enter Lithuania for one year, with the possibility of extension. However, recipients may be required to report their new travel document to Belarusian authorities within three months.
Poland’s Response
Poland has similarly introduced measures to assist Belarusian nationals who cannot renew their passports. Eligible individuals holding
temporary or permanent residence permits in Poland can apply for a
Polish travel document if their Belarusian passport has expired or if they have never held one. This document:
- Is valid for entry into Poland for one year.
- Does not replace a Polish visa or residence permit.
- Does not confer legal residency status in Poland.
Poland has extended this program multiple times, most recently on
February 20, 2025, allowing applications until
June 30, 2025 (previously extended to December 31, 2024, and June 30, 2024).
Implications for Belarusian Nationals
- Limited Mobility: Those without valid Belarusian passports may face difficulties traveling internationally or renewing visas.
- Legal and Administrative Challenges: Belarusian nationals applying for alternative travel documents may need to report their status change to Belarusian authorities, which could carry political risks.
- Extended Processing Times: Increased demand for foreign-issued travel documents may result in processing delays.
Alternative Travel Options
For Belarusian nationals unable to renew their passports in Belarus, alternative travel solutions include:
- Applying for Lithuanian or Polish Travel Documents: Available based on residency eligibility.
- Seeking Assistance from Humanitarian Programs: Some NGOs and international organizations offer support for displaced individuals.
- Exploring Other Residency or Asylum Options: Depending on individual circumstances, Belarusian nationals may qualify for protection in other countries.
Pros & Cons Summary
Pros of Alternative Travel Document Solutions
✔ Provides temporary mobility for affected Belarusian nationals.✔ Allows legal entry and exit from host countries.✔ Offers a humanitarian solution for individuals unable to return to Belarus.
Cons of Alternative Travel Document Solutions
✖ Does not replace a valid passport for international travel beyond Lithuania or Poland.✖ Requires reporting to Belarusian authorities, posing potential risks.✖ Limited in duration, requiring periodic renewals or extensions.
Conclusion
The inability of Belarusian nationals to renew passports abroad has created significant challenges, prompting responses from Lithuania and Poland. While these alternative travel documents provide temporary solutions, affected individuals must carefully navigate legal and administrative requirements. Those impacted should explore all available options to ensure continued mobility and legal residency in their host countries.
